一条记录有n个物理版本
- 读:读最新version
- 写:创建新version
- 支持time-travel query,即回溯版本
single-version scheme
- DB2
- Sybase
Concurrency Control Protocol
Timestamping Ordering(MV-TO)
Optimistic Concurrency Control(MV-OCC)
Two-Phase Locking(MV-2PL)
Version Storage
Append-Only Storage
- 只有主表
Time-Travel Storage
- 主表+time-travel table(全量)
Delta Storage
- 主表+Delta Storage Segment(只有Delta部分)
GC
Tuple-level
Transaction-level
Index
MVCC应用
- Oracle
- Postgres
- MySQL’s InnoDB
- Microsoft Hekaton
- SAP HANA
- MemSQL
- NuoDB
- HYRISE
- HyPer